The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks

= A =

Emile H. L. Aarts
Phillips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
E-mail: aarts@prl.philips.nl
Boltzmann Machines

Larry F. Abbott
Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University,
Waltham, Massachusetts
E-mail: abbott@binah.cc.brandeis.edu
Activity-Dependent Regulation of Neuronal Conductances
Dynamic Clamp: Computer-Neural Hybrids

Hervé Abdi
School of Human Development,
The University of Texas at Dallas,
Richardson, Texas
Face Recognition

Kazuyuki Aihara
Department of Mathematical Engineering and Information Physics,
Faculty of Engineering,
The University of Tokyo,
Tokyo, Japan
E-mail: aihara@sat.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Chaos in Axons

Yehuda Albeck
Division of Biology,
California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, California
E-mail: albeck@asterix.bbb.caltech.edu
Sound Localization and Binaural Processing

Garrett E. Alexander
Department of Neurology,
Emory University School of Medicine,
Atlanta, Georgia
Basal Ganglia

Shun-ichi Amari
Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo,
Tokyo, Japan
E-mail: amari@sat.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Learning and Statistical Inference

Franklin R. Amthor
Department of Psychology and Neurobiology Research Center,
University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Alabama
Directional Selectivity in the Retina

Uwe an der Heiden
University of Witten at Herdecke,
Herdecke, Germany
Traveling Activity Waves

Anandkumar
Hughes Network Systems,
Germantown, Maryland
E-mail: akumar@hns.com
Telecommunications

Thomas J. Anastasio
University of Illinois,
Beckman Institute,
Urbana, Illinois
E-mail: tstasio@uiuc.edu
Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex: Performance and Plasticity

Richard A. Andersen
Division of Biology,
California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, California
E-mail: andersen@vis.caltech.edu
Gaze Coding in the Posterior Parietal Cortex

Charles H. Anderson
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology,
Washington University School of Medicine,
St. Louis, Missouri
E-mail: cha@shifter.wustl.edu
Routing Networks in Visual Cortex

James A. Anderson
Department of Cognitive and Linguistic Sciences,
Brown University,
Providence, Rhode Island
E-mail: james_anderson@brown.edu
Associative Networks
Mental Arithmetic Using Neural Networks

Martin Anthony
Department of Mathematics,
London School of Economics and Political Science,
London, United Kingdom
E-mail: anthony@vax.lse.ac.uk
PAC Learning and Neural Networks

Michael A. Arbib
Center for Neural Engineering,
University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, California
E-mail: arbib@pollux.usc.edu
Part I; Part II; Schema Theory

Ronald C. Arkin
College of Computing,
Georgia Institute of Technology,
Atlanta, Georgia
E-mail: arkin@cc.gatech.edu
Reactive Robotic Systems

Tim Ash
University
of California at San Diego,
San Diego, California
E-mail: ash@cs.ucsd.edu
Topology-Modifying Neural Network Algorithms

Karl J. Aaström
Department of Automatic Control, Lund Institute of Technology,
Lund, Sweden
E-mail: kja@control.lth.se
Adaptive Control: General Methodology

Jean-Pierre Aubin
Centre de Recherche Mathematiques de la Decision
Université de Paris--Dauphine,
Paris, France E-mail: aubin@frulm63.bitnet
Learning as Adaptive Control of Synaptic Matrices

= B =

Ivan A. Bachelder
Machine Intelligence Technology Group,
MIT Lincoln Laboratory,
Lexington, Massachusetts
Visual Processing of Object Form and Environment Layout

José Bargas
Departamento de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, UNAM,
Mexico City D. F., Mexico
E-mail: jbargas@ifcsunl.ifisiol.unam.mx
Ion Channels: Keys to Neuronal Specialization

John A. Barnden
Computing Research Laboratory, New Mexico State University,
Las Cruces, New Mexico
E-mail: jbarnden@nmsu.edu
Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks Semantic Networks

Gábor T. Bartha
Wright Laboratory,
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base,
Dayton, Ohio
E-mail: bartha@corsair.aa.wpafb.af.mil
Cerebellum and Conditioning

Andrew G. Barto
Computer Science Department,
University of Massachusetts,
Amherst, Massachusetts E-mail: barto@cs.umass.edu
Learning as Hill-Climbing in Weight Space
Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement Learning in Motor Control

Joseph Bastian
Department of Zoology,
University of Oklahoma,
Norman, Oklahoma
E-mail: joe@ell.bio.uoknor.edu
Electrolocation

Michel Baudry
Department of Biological Sciences,
University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, California
E-mail: baudry@neuro.usc.edu
NMDA Receptors: Synaptic, Cellular, and Network Models

Suzanna Becker
Department of Psychology,
McMaster University, Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada
E-mail: becker@mcmaster.ca
Unsupervised Learning with Global Objective Functions

Mark Beeman
Rush Neuroscience Institute,
Chicago, Illinois
E-mail: mbeeman@rpslmc.edu
Emotion-Cognition Interactions

Randall D. Beer
Department of Computer Engineering and Science,
Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, Ohio
E-mail: beer@alpha.ces.cwru.edu
Locomotion, Invertebrate

George A. Bekey
Department of Computer Science,
University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, California
E-mail: bekey@robotics.usc.edu
Walking

Yoshua Bengio
Dept. Informatique et Recherche Operationnelle,
Universite de Montreal,
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
E-mail: bengioy@iro.umontreal.ca
Convolutional Networks for Images, Speech, and Time Series
Pattern Recognition

Younès Bennani
CNRS, LIPN, URA-1507, University of Paris-Nord,
Villetaneuse, France
E-mail: younes@lipn.univ-paris13.fr
Speaker Identification

Theodore W. Berger
Department of Biomedical Engineering and Program in Neuroscience,
University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, California
E-mail: berger@bmsrs.usc.edu
NMDA Receptors: Synaptic, Cellular, and Network Models

&Ouuml;jvind Bernander
Computation and Neural Systems Program,
California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, California
E-mail: ojvind@klab.caltech.edu
Axonal Modeling

Elie Bienenstock
Division of Applied Mathematics,
Brown University,
Providence, Rhode Island; CNRS, Paris, France
E-mail: elie@dam.brown.edu
Compositionality in Neural Systems

Norman Biggs
Department of Mathematics,
London School of Economics and Political Science,
London, United Kingdom
PAC Learning and Neural Networks

Andrew Blake
Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford,
Oxford, United Kingdom
E-mail: ab@robots.oxford.ac.uk
Active Vision

Edward K. Blum
Department of Mathematics,
University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, California
E-mail: blum@pollux.usc.edu
Dynamics and Bifurcation of Neural Networks

Alexander Borst
Friedrich-Miescher-Laboratory of the Max- Planck-Society,
Tubingen, Germany
E-mail: borst@sunwan.mpik-tueb.mpg.de
Visuomotor Coordination in Flies

Herve Bourlard
Faculte Polytechnique de Mons, TCTS,
Mons, Belgium
E-mail: bourlard@fpms.fpms.ac.be
Speech Recognition: Feature Extraction
Speech Recognition: Pattern Matching

Bruce Bridgeman
Departments of Psychology and Psychobiology,
University of California, Santa Cruz,
Santa Cruz, California
E-mail: bruceb@cats.ucsc.edu
Dissociations Between Visual Processing Modes

Thomas H. Brown
Department of Psychology,
Yale University,
New Haven, Connecticut
E-mail: brown@james.psych.yale.edu
Hebbian Synaptic Plasticity

Joachim M. Buhmann
Universitat Bonn, Institut fur Informatik III,
Bonn, Germany E-mail: jb@cs.bonn.edu
jb@informatik.uni-bonn.de
Data Clustering and Learning
Oscillatory Associative Memories

Daniel Bullock
Cognitive and Neural Systems Department,
Boston University,
Boston, Massachusetts
E-mail: danb@cms.bu.edu
Motoneuron Recruitment

C. J. C. Burges
AT&T Bell Laboratories,
Holmdel, New Jersey
E-mail: cjcb@big.att.com.
Handwritten Digit String Recognition

Neil Burgess
Department of Anatomy, University College London,
London, United Kingdom
E-mail: n.burgess@ucl.ac.uk
Hippocampus: Spatial Models

Arthur W. Burks
University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, Michigan
E-mail: arthur_burks@um.cc.umich.edu
Self-Peproducing Automata

Yves Burnod
Universite Pierre et Marie Curie,
Paris, France
Short-Term Memory

John H. Byrne
Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy,
University of Texas Medical School at Houston,
Houston, Texas
E-mail: jbyrne@nba19.med.uth.tmc.edu
Invertebrate Models of Learning: Aplysia and Hermissenda

= C =

Ronald L. Calabrese
Department of Biology,
Emory University,
Atlanta, Georgia
E-mail: rcalabre@biology.emory.edu
Half-Center Oscillators Underlying Rhythmic Movements

William H. Calvin
University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington
E-mail: wcalvin@u.washington.edu
Cortical Columns, Modules, and Hebbian Cell Assemblies

Nicholas T. Carnevale
Center for Theoretical and Applied Neuroscience,
Yale University,
New Haven, Connecticut
E-mail: hines-michael@yale.edu
Computer Modeling Methods for Neurons

Gail A. Carpenter
Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems,
Boston University,
Boston, Massachusetts
E-mail: gail@cns.bu.edu
Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART)

Francisco Cervantes-Pérez
Departamento Académico de Computación,
Instituto Tecnológico Autonomo de México,
México D. F., Mexico
E-mail: cervante@lamport.rhon.itam.mx
Visuomotor Coordination in Frogs and Toads

Sumantra Chattarji
Department of Psychology,
Yale University,
New Haven, Connecticut
E-mail: shona@james.psych.yale.edu
Hebbian Synaptic Plasticity

Rama Chellappa
Department of Electrical Engineering and Center for Automation Research,
University of Maryland,
College Park, Maryland
E-mail: chella@eng.umd.edu
Markov Random Field Models in Image Processing

Hillel J. Chiel
Departments of Biology and Neuroscience,
Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, Ohio
Locomotion, Invertebrate

Andy Clark
Department of Philosophy,
Washington University,
St. Louis, Missouri
E-mail: andy@twinearth.wustl.edu
Philosophical Issues in Brain Theory and Connectionism

David Cliff
University of Sussex,
School of Cognitive and Computing Sciences,
Brighton, England, United Kingdom
E-mail: davec@cogs.susx.ac.uk
Neuroethology, Computational

J. J. Collins
Boston University,
Neuromuscular Research Center,
Boston, Massachusetts
E-mail: collins@buenga.bu.edu
Gait Transitions

Michael Conrad
Department of Computer Science,
Wayne State University,
Detroit, Michigan
E-mail: conrad@cs.wayne.edu
Biomaterials for Intelligent Systems

Julian Cook
Biomathematics Department,
UCLA School of Medicine,
Los Angeles, California
Pattern Formation, Biological

Leon N. Cooper
Physics Department and Institute for Brain and Neural Systems,
Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
BCM Theory of Visual Cortical Plasticity
Coulomb Potential Learning

Michel Cosnard
Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallelisme--CNRS,
Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon,
Lyon, France
E-mail: cosnard@lip.ens-lyon.fr
Parallel Computational Models

Gary Cottrell
Departments of Computer Science and Engineering,
University of California at San Diego,
La Jolla, California
E-mail: gary@cs.ucsd.edu
Topology-Modifying Neural Network Algorithms

Jack D. Cowan
Department of Mathematics,
University of Chicago,
Chicago, Illinois
E-mail: cowan@neuro.uchicago.edu
Development and Regeneration of Eye-Brain Maps Fault Tolerance
Traveling Activity Waves

Francis Crepel
Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Neuropharmacologie du Developpement,
Universite Paris-Sud,
Orsay, France
Long-Term Depression in the Cerebellum

Terry Crow
Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy,
University of Texas Medical School at Houston,
Houston, Texas
Invaertebrate Models of Learning: Aplysia and Hermissenda

Holk Cruse
Abteilung fur Biokybernetik und Theoretische Biologie,
Universitat Bielefeld,
Bielefeld, Germany
Motor Pattern Generation

= D =

H. Daniel
Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Neuropharmaco- logie du Developpement,
Universite Paris-Sud,
Orsay, France Long-Term Depression in the Cerebellum

Christian J. Darken
Siemens Corporate Research,
Princeton, New Jersey
E-mail: darken@learning.siemens.com
Stochastic Approximation and Neural Network Learning

John Daugman
The Computer Laboratory,
University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, England E-mail: john.daugman@cl.cam.ac.uk
Gabor Wavelets for Statistical Pattern Recognition

Jules Davidoff
Department of Psychology,
University of Essex,
Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom E-mail: jdavid@uk.ac.sx
Color Perception

Jeffrey Dean
Abteilung fur Biokybernetik und Theoretische Biologie,
Universitat Bielefeld,
Bielefeld, Germany E-mail: jeff@bio128.uni-bielefeld.de
Motor Pattern Generation

Bruce Denby
INFN Sezione di Pisa, Italy E-mail: denby@pisa.infn.it
High-Energy Physics

Alain Destexhe
The Salk Institute,
Computational Neurobiology Lab,
La Jolla, California E-mail: alain@salk.edu
Synaptic Currents, Neuromodulation, and Kinetic Models

Marshall Devor
Department of Cell and Animal Biology,
Life Sciences Institute, Hebrew University,
Jerusalem, Israel E-mail: marshlu@vms.huji.ac.il
Pain Networks

Patsy S. Dickinson
Department of Biology,
Bowdoin College,
Brunswick, Maine
E-mail: pdickins@polar.bowdoin.edu
Neuromodulation in Invertebrate Nervous Systems

Peter F. Dominey
Vision et Motricite, INSERM Unite 94,
Bron, France
E-mail: dominey@frmop11.bitnet
Eye-Hand Coordination in Reaching Movements

Clark Dorman
Boston University,
Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems,
Boston, Massachusetts
Motivation

Rodney Douglas
MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit,
Oxford, England E-mail: rjd@vax.ox.ac.uk
Silicon Neurons

Cathryn Downing
The Computer Laboratory,
Cambridge University,
Cambridge, United Kingdom
Gabor Wavelets for Statistical Pattern Recognition

Kenji Doya
ATR Human Information Processing Research Laboratories,
Kyoto, Japan
E-mail: doya@hip.atr.co.jp
Recurrent Networks: Supervised Learning

Edmund H. Durfee
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,
University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, Michigan
E-mail: durfee@engin.umich.edu
Distributed Artificial Intelligence

= E =

Shimon Edelman
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Sciences,
The Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot, Israel
E-mail: edelman@wisdom.weizmann.ac.il
Vision: Hyperacuity

Martin Egelhaaf
Centre for Visual Sciences, Research School of Biological Sciences,
Australian National University,
Canberra, Australia
Visuomotor Coordination in Flies

Jeffrey L. Elman
Department of Cognitive Science,
University of California at San Diego
La Jolla, California
E-mail: elman@crl.ucsd.edu
Language Processing

Andreas Engel
Institut fur Theoretische Physik,
Otto-von -Guericke-Universität Magdeburg,
Magdeburg, Germany
E-mail: engel@chaos.nat.uni-magdeburg.de
Statistical Mechanics of Learning
Statistical Mechanics of Neural Networks

G. Bard Ermentrout
Department of Mathematics,
University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
E-mail: bard@mthbard.math.pitt.edu
Phase-Plane Analysis of Neural Activity

Jorg-Peter Ewert
University of Kassel,
Kassel, Germany Command Neurons and Command Systems

= F =

Oleg V. Favorov
Department of Physiology,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
E-mail: kelly@stat.unc.edu
Somatosensory System

Jean-Marc Fellous
Center for Neural Engineering,
University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, California
E-mail: fellous@pollux.usc.edu
Emotion and Computational Neuroscience

Eberhard E. Fetz
Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Regional Primate Research Center,
University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington
E-mail: fetz@u.washington.edu
Dynamic Models of Neurophysiological Systems

David J. Field
Department of Psychology,
Cornell University,
Ithaca, New York
E-mail: djf3@cornell.edu
Visual Coding, Redundancy, and "Feature Detection"

Tamar Flash
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science,
The Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot, Israel
E-mail: tamar@wisdom.weizmann.ac.il
Optimization Principles in Motor Control

Sherre L. Florence
Department of Psychology,
Vanderbilt University,
Nashville, Tennessee
E-mail: florensl@ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu
Somatotopy: Plasticity of Sensory Maps

Francoise Fogelman-Soulie
SLIGOS/TAIC/RDF,
Clamart, France
E-mail: fogelman@laforia.ibp.fr
Applications of Neural Networks

Peter Foldiak
Psychological Laboratory,
University of St. Andrews,
St. Andrews, United Kingdom
E-mail: peter.foldiak@st-and.ac.uk
Sparse Coding in the Primate Cortex

Yves Fregnac
Institut Alfred Fessard, CNRS,
Gif sur Yvette, France
E-mail: fregnac@bobby.iaf.cnrs-gif.fr
Hebbian Synaptic Plasticity: Comparative and Developmental Aspects

A. Edward Friedman
Department of Neurology,
University of Chicago,
Chicago, Illinois
Development and Regeneration of Eye-Brain Maps

John P. Frisby
AI Vision Research Unit,
University of Sheffield,
Sheffield, United Kingdom
E-mail: j.p.frisby@sheffield.ac.uk
Stereo Correspondence and Neural Networks

Bernd Fritzsch
Department of Biomedical Sciences,
Creighton University,
Omaha, Nebraska
E-mail: berndfri@bif.creighton.edu
Evolution of the Ancestral Vertebrate Brain

Kunihiko Fukushima
Departrnent of Biophysical Engineering,
Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
E-mail: fukusima@bpe.es.osaka-u.ac.jp
Neocognitron: A Model for Visual Pattern Recognition

= G =

Elvira Galarraga
Departamento de Neurociencias,
Instituto de Fisiologia Celular,UNAM,
Mexico City D. F. Mexico
Ion Channels: Keys to Neuronal Specialization

Stephen I. Gallant
Belmont Research, Inc.,
Cambridge, Massachusetts
E-mail: sg@belmont.com
Expert Systems and Decision Systems Using Neural Networks

Patrick Gallinari
Institut Blaise Pascal,
Universite de Paris, Paris, France
E-mail: gallinari@laforia.ibp.fr
Modular Neural Net Systems, Training of

Paolo Gaudiano
Boston University,
Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems,
Boston, Massachusetts
E-mail: gaudiano@cns.bu.edu
Motivation

Davi Geiger
Courant Institute,
New York University,
New York, New York
E-mail: geiger@fred.cs.nyu.edu
Winner-Take-All Mechanisms

Stuart Geman
Division of Applied Mathematics,
Brown University,
Providence, Rhode Island
Compositionality in Neural Systems

Dedre Gentner
Department of Psychology,
Northwestern University,
Evanston, Illinois
E-mail: gentner@ils.nwu.edu
Analogy-Based Reasoning

Apostolos P. Georgopoulos
Brain Sciences Center,
Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Minneapolis, Minnesota
E-mail: omega@maroon.tc.umn.edu
Reaching: Coding in Motor Cortex

Simon F. Giszter
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology,
Medical College of Pennsylvania and Hahnemann University,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
E-mail: giszter@ai.mit.edu
Frog Wiping Reflexes

Leon Glass
Department of Physiology,
McGill University,
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
E-mail: glass@cnd.mcgill.ca
Chaos in Neural Systems

Eric Goles
Departamento de Ingenieria Matematica,
Universidad de Chile,
Santiago de Chile, Chile
E-mail: egoles@dim.uchile.cl
Energy Functions for Neural Networks

Stephen Grossberg
Center for Adaptive Systems and Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems,
Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
E-mail: diana@cns.bu.edu
Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART)
Figure-Ground Separation

Norberto M. Grzywacz
Smith-Kettlewell Institute,
San Francisco, California
Email: nmg@skivs.ski.org
Directional Selectivity in the Cortex
Directional Selectivity in the Retina

Emmanuel Guigon
Universite Pierre et Marie Curie,
Paris, France
E-mail: guigon@ccr.jussieu.fr
Short-Term Memory

= H =

Hermann Haken
Institute for Theoretical Physics and Synergetics, Universität Stuttgart,
Stuttgart, Germany
E-mail: haken@theol.physik.uni-stuttgart.de
Cooperative Phenomena

Dan Hammerstrom
Adaptive Solutions, Inc.
Beaverton, Oregon
E-mail: strom@asi.com
Digital VLSl for Neural Networks

Steven Hampson
ICS Department,
University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California
E-mail: hampson@ics.uci.edu
Problem Solving, Connectionist

Mary Hare
Center for Research in Language,
University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
E-mail: hare@crl.ucsd.edu
Language Change

Simon Haykin
McMaster University,
Communication Research Laboratory,
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
E-mail: haykin@mcmaster.ca
Adaptive Signal Processing

N. Hemart
Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Neuropharmacologie du Développement,
Université Paris-Sud, Orsay,
France
Long-Term Depression in the Cerebellum

Klaus Hepp
Institut für Theoretische Physik,
ETH Zurich, ETH-Honggerberg,
Zurich, Switzerland
Saccades and Listing's Law

John Hertz Nordita,
Copenhagen, Denmark
E-mail: hertz@nordita.dk
Computing with Attractors
Sensory Coding and Information Theory

Andreas V. M. Herz
Department of Zoology,
University of Oxford,
Oxford, England
E-mail: andreas.herz@zoology.oxford.ac.uk
Spatiotemporal Association in Neural Networks

Ellen C. Hildreth
Department of Computer Science,
Wellesley College,
Wellesley, Massachusetts
E-mail: ehildreth@lucy.wellesley.edu
Motion Perception

Michael Hines
Center for Theoretical and Applied Neuroscience,
Yale University,
New Haven, Connecticut
E-mail: hines-michael@yale.edu
Computer Modeling Methods for Neurons

Neville Hogan
Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge,Massachusetts
Optimization Principles in Motor Control

William R. Holmes
Department of Biological Sciences,
Ohio University,
Athens, Ohio
E-mail: holmes@cneuro.zool.ohiou.edu
Dendritic Spines

Scott L. Hooper
Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University
Athens, Ohio
E-mail: hooper@ouvaxa.cats.ohiou.edu
Crustacean Stomatogastric System

John E. Hummel
Department of Psychology,
University of California at Los Angeles,
Los Angeles, California
E-mail: jhummel@psych.ucla.edu
Object Recognition

Jenq-Neng Hwang
Information Processing Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering,
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
E-mail: hwang@ee.washington
Textured Images: Modeling and Segmentation

= I =

Nathan Intrator
Computer Science Department,
Tel-Aviv University,
Ramat-Aviv, Israel
E-mail: nin@math.tau.ac.il
BCM Theory of Visual Cortical Plasticity
Competitive Learning
Information Theory and Visual Plasticity

Petros Ioannou
Department of Electrical Engineering,
University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, California
E-mail: ioannou@bode.usc.edu
Model-Reference Adaptive Control

= J =

Robert A. Jacobs
Department of Psychology,
University of Rochestor,
Rochester, New York
Modular and Hierarchical Learning Systems

D. Jaillard
Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Neuropharmacologie du Développement,
Université Paris-Sud,
Orsay, France
Long-Term Depression in the Cerebellum

Marc Jeannerod
Vision et Motricité, INSERM Unité 94,
Bron, France
E-mail: jeannerod@frmop11.bitnet
Corollary Discharge in Visuomotor Coordination

B. Keith Jenkins
Signal and Image Processing Institute,
University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, California
E-mail: jenkins@sipi.usc.edu
Optical Architectures for Neural Network Implementations
Optical Components for Neural Network Implementations

Michael I. Jordan
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, Massachusetts
E-mail: jordan@psyche.mit.edu
Modular and Hierarchical Learning Systems

J. Stephen Judd
Siemens Corporate Research,
Princeton, New Jersey.
E-mail: judd@scr.siemens.com
Time Complexity of Learning

= K =

Jon H. Kaas
Department of Psychology,
Vanderbilt University,
Nashville, Tennessee
Somatotopy: Plasticity of Sensory Maps

John F. Kalaska
Département de Physiologie,
Université de Montreal,
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
E-mail: kalaskaj@ere.umontreal.ca
Reaching Movements: Implications of Connectionist Models

Kunihiko Kaneko
Department of Pure and Applied Sciences,
University of Tokyo,
Tokyo, Japan
E-mail: kaneko@cyber.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Cooperative Behavior in Networks of Chaotic Elements

Jagmeet S. Kanwal
Department of Biology,
Washington University,
St. Louis, Missouri
E-mail: kanwal@wustlb.wustl.edu
Echolocation: Creating Computational Maps

Annette Karmiloff-Smith
MRC Child Development Unit,
London, England
E-mail: annette@cdu.ucl.ac.uk
Developmental Disorders

Ashraf A. Kassim
National University of Singapore,
Singapore
E-mail: eleashra@leonis.nus.sg
Potential Fields and Neural Networks

John S. Kauer
Department of Neurosurgery,
Tuft's University Medical School,
New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
E-mail: jkauer@pearl.tufts.edu
Olfactory Bulb

Mitsuo Kawato
ATR Human Information Processing Research Laboratories,
Kyoto, Japan
E-mail: kawato@hip.atr.co.jp
Cerebellum and Motor Control

Douglas G. Kelly
Department of Mathematics and Statistics,
University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
E-mail: kelly@stat.unc.edu
Somatosensory System

Scott Kirkpatrick
Thomas J. Watson Research Center,
Yorktown Heights, New York
E-mail: kirk@watson.ibm.com
Simulated Annealing

Christof Koch
Computation and Neural Systems Program,
California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, California
E-mail: koch@cns.caltech.edu
Axonal Modeling
Selective Visual Attention
Single-Cell Models

Teuvo Kohonen
Helsinki University of Technology,
Neural Networks Research Centre,
Espoo, Finland
E-mail: teuvo@hutmc.hut.fi
Learning Vector Quantization
Speech Recognition: A Hybrid Approach

Nancy Kopell
Department of Mathematics,
Boston University,
Boston, Massachusetts
E-mail: nk@math.bu.edu
Chains of Coupled Oscillators

Jan H. M. Korst
Philips Research Laboratories,
Eindhoven,
The Netherlands
Boltzmann Machines

Richard J. Krauzlis
Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research,
National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland
E-mail: rjk@lsr.nei.nih.gov
Pursuit Eye Movements

Andrew M. Krylow
Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Northwestern University,
Evanston, Illinois
Muscle Models

B. V. K. Vijaya Kumar
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
Carnegie Mellon University,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
E-mail: kumar@ece.cmu.edu
Potential Fields and Neural Networks

Yoshiki Kuramoto
Department of Physics,
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
E-mail: kuramoto@ton.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Collective Behavior of Coupled Oscillators

Vera Kurkova
Institute of Computer Science,
Czech Academy of Sciences,
Prague, Czechia
E-mail: vera@uivt.cas.cz
Kolmogorov's Theorem

= L =

Francesco Lacquaniti
Istituto di Neuroscienze e Bioimmagini,
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche,
Milan, Italy
Limb Geometry: Neural Control

Ofer Lahav
Institute of Astronomy,
Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
E-mail: lahav@mail.ast.cam.ac.uk -or- hlahav@wicc.weizmann.ac.il
Astronomy

Yann LeCun
AT&T Bell Laboratories,
Holmdel, New Jersey
E-mail: yann@research.att.com
Convolutional Networks for Images, Speech, and Time Series Pattern Recognition

Joseph E. LeDoux
Center for Neural Science,
New York University,
New York, New York
E-mail: ledoux@cns.nyu.edu
Emotion and Computational Neuroscience

Michael A. Lehr
Stanford University,
Department of Electrical Engineering,
Stanford, California
E-mail: lehr@isl.stanford.edu
Noise Canceling and Channel Equalization
Perceptrons, Adalines, and Backpropagation

Wee Kheng Leow
Department of Computer Sciences,
The University of Texas at Austin,
Austin, Texas
E-mail: leow@cs.utexas.edu
Visual Schemas in Object Recognition and Scene Analysis

Gregory W. Lesher
Enkidu Research,
Ithaca, New York
Illusory Contour Formation

Daniel S. Levine
Department of Mathematics,
University of Texas at Arlington,
Arlington, Texas
E-mail: b344dsl@utarlg.uta.edu
Disease: Neural Network Models

J. B. Levitt
Department of Visual Science,
Institute of Ophthalmology,
London, England,
United Kingdom
Visual Cortex Cell Types and Connections

John E. Lewis
Department of Biology,
University of California at San Diego,
La Jolla, California
E-mail: jlewis@ucsd.edu
Respiratory Rhythm Generation

Jim-Shih Liaw
Program in Neuroscience,
University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, California
E-mail: liaw@bmsrs.usc.edu
NMDA Receptors: Synaptic, Cellular, and Network Models

Raymond Lister
School of Computing Science, Queensland University of Technology,
Brisbane, Australia
E-mail: raymond@fitmail.fit.qut.edu.au
Fractal Strategies for Neural Network Scaling

Gerald E. Loeb
Bio-Medical Engineering Unit,
Queen's University,
Kingston, Ontario, Canada
E-mail. loeb@biomed.queensu.ca
Prosthetics, Neural

Jason D. Lohn
Electrical Engineering Department,
University of Maryland,
College Park, Maryland
E-mail: jlohn@eng.umd.edu
Analog VLSI for Neural Networks

Fernando H. Lopes da Silva
Graduate School for the Neurosciences,
University of Amsterdam,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
E-mail: silva@bio.uva.nl
EEG Analysis
Epilepsy: Network Models of Generation

David Lowe
Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics,
Aston University,
Birmingham, United Kingdom
E-mail: d.lowe@aston.ac.uk
Radial Basis Function Networks

Jennifer S. Lund
Department of Visual Science,
Institute of Ophthalmology,
London, United Kingdom
E-mail: smgxjsl@ucl.ac.uk
Visual Cortex Cell Types and Connections

Giuseppe Luppino
Istituto di Fisiologia Umana,
Universita di Parma,
Parma, Italy
Grasping Movements: Visuomotor Transformations

= M =

Wolfgang Maass
Institute for Theoretical Computer Science,
Technische Universitat Graz,
Graz, Austria
E-mail: maass@igi.tu-graz.ac.at
Vapnik-Chervonenkis Dimension of Neural Networks

David J. C. MacKay
Cavendish Laboratory,
Cambridge, United Kingdom
E-mail: mackay@mrao.cam.ac.uk
Bayesian Methods for Supervised Neural Networks

Misha Mahowald
MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit,
Oxford University,
Oxford, United Kingdom
E-mail: misha@zen.pharm.ox.ac.uk
Silicon Neurons

Zachary F. Mainen
The Salk Institute,
Computational Neurobiology Lab,
La Jolla, California
Synaptic Currents, Neuromodulation, and Kinetic Models

Claudio Maioli
Biomedical Sciences Department,
Brescia University,
Brescia, Italy
Limb Geometry: Neural Control

Hanspeter A. Mallot
Max-Planck-Institut für biologische Kybernetik,
Tübingen, Germany
E-mail: ham@.mpik-tueb.mpg.de
Layered Computation in Neural Networks

Gerhard Manteuffel
FBN, Dummerstorf, Germany
E-mail: a12i@alf.zfn.uni-bremen.de
Visuomotor Coordination in Salamanders

Eve Marder
Biology Department,
Brandeis University,
Waltham, Massachusetts
E-mail: marder@binah.cc.brandeis.edu
Activity-Dependent Regulation of Neuronal Conductances
Dynamic Clamp: Computer-Neural Hybrids

Arthur B. Markman
Department of Psychology,
Columbia University,
New York, New York
E-mail: markman@psych.columbia.edu
Analogy-Based Reasoning

Robert J. Marks II
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington
E-mail: marks@u.washington.edu
Neurosmithing: Improving Neural Network Learning

Jose L. Marroquin
Centro de Investigacion en Matematicas,
Guanajato, Mexico
E-mail: cimat@unamvml.bitnet
Regularization Theory and Low-Level Vision

Jonathan A. Marshall
Department of Computer Science,
University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
E-mail: marshall@cs.unc.edu
Motion Perception: Self-Organization

Lina L. E. Massone
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,
Northwestern University,
Evanston, Illinois
E-mail: massone@eecs.nwu.edu
Sensorimotor Learning

Massimo Matelli
Istituto di Fisiologia Umana,
Universitá di Parma,
Parma, Italy
Grasping Movements: Visuomotor Transformations

Pietro Mazzoni
Cambridge, Massachusetts
E-mail: pmazzoni@ai.mit.edu
Gaze Coding in the Posterior Parietal Cortex

James L. McClelland
Department of Psychology,
Carnegie Mellon University,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
E-mail: mcclelland+@cmu.edu
Cognitive Development

David A. McCormick
Section of Neurobiology,
Yale Univer sity School of Medicine,
New Haven, Connecticut
Thalamocortical Oscillations in Sleep and Wakefulness

James N. McNames
Neural Applications Corporation,
Coralville, Iowa
Steelmaking

Bartlett W. Mel
Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, California
E-mail: mel@quake.usc.edu
Planning, Connectionist

Jerry M. Mendel
Signal and Image Processing Institute,
Department of Electrical Engineering - Systems,
University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, California
E-mail: mendel@sipi.usc.edu
Fuzzy Logic Systems and Qualitative Knowledge

Janet Metcalfe
Department of Psychology,
Dartmouth College,
Hanover, New Hampshire
E-mail: metcalfe@dartmouth.edu
Distortions in Human Memory

Claude Meunier
Centre de Physique Theoretique,
Ecole Polytechnique,
Palaiseau, France
E-mail: meunier@orphee.polytechnique.fr
Sparsely Coded Neural Networks

R. Chris Miall
Laboratory of Physiology,
Oxford University,
Oxford, United Kingdom
E-mail: rcm@physiol.ox.ac.uk
Motor Control, Biological and Theoretical

Risto Miikkulainen
Department of Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin,
Austin, Texas
E-mail: risto@cs.utexas.edu
Visual Schemas in Object Recognition and Scene Analysis

Kenneth D. Miller
Department of Physiology,
University of California at San Francisco,
San Francisco, California
E-mail: ken@phy.ucsf.edu
Ocular Dominance and Orientation Columns

John Milton
Department of Neurology,
University of Chicago Hospitals,
Chicago, Illinois
E-mail: splace@ace.bsd.uchicago.edu
Traveling Activity Waves

Ennio Mingolla
Boston University,
Center for Adaptive Systems and Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems,
Boston, Massachusetts
E-mail: ennio@cns.bu.edu
Illusory Contour Formation

Laura A. Monti
Rush Neuroscience Institute,
Chicago, Illinois
Emotion-Cognition Interactions

Nelson Morgan
International Computer Science Institute,
Berkeley, California
E-mail: morgan@icsi.berkeley.edu
Programmable Neurocomputing Systems
Speech Recognition: Feature Extraction
Speech Recognition: Pattern Matching

David C. Mountain
Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Boston University,
Boston, Massachusetts
E-mail: dcm@bu.edu
Auditory Periphery and Cochlear Nucleus

David Mumford
Department of Mathematics,
Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts
E-mail:mumford@math.harvard.edu
Thalamus

Trevor Mundel
Department of Mathematics,
University of Chicago,
Chicago, Illinois
Traveling Activity Waves

Bennet B. Murdock
Department of Psychology,
University of Toronto,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
E-mail: murdock@psych.toronto.edu
Classical Learning Theory and Neural Networks

Robin R. Murphy
Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences,
Colorado School of Mines,
Golden, Colorado
E-mail: rmurphy@mines.colorado.edu
Sensor Fusion

J. D. Murray
Department of Applied Mathematics,
University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington
E-mail: murrayjd@amath.washington.edu
Pattern Formation, Biological

Jacob M. J. Murre
MRC Applied Psychology Unit,
Cambridge, England
E-mail: jaap.murre@mrc-apu.cam.ac.uk
Neurosimulators

Ferdinando A. Mussa-Ivaldi
Department of Physiology,
Northwestern University Medical School,
Chicago, Illinois
E-mail: sandro@nwu.edu
Geometrical Principles in Motor Control

= N =

J.-P. Nadal
Laboratoire de Physique Statistique,
Ecole Normale Supérieure,
Paris, France
E-mail: nadal@physique.ens.fr
Sparsely Coded Neural Networks

Kumpati S. Narendra
Center for Systems Science,
Department of Electrical Engineering,
Yale University,
New Haven, Connecticut
E-mail: narendra@koshy.eng.yale.edu
Adaptive Control: Neural Network Applications
Identification and Control

J. I. Nelson
Laboratory of Neuropsychology,
National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda,
Maryland E-mail: jnelson@ln.nimh.nih.gov
Binding in the Visual System
Visual Scene Perception: Neurophysiology

Robert W. Newcomb
Microsystems Laboratory,
Electrical Engineering Department,
University of Maryland,
College Park, Maryland
E-mail: newcomb@eng.umd.edu
Analog VLSl for Neural Networks

Stefano Nolfi
Institute of Psychology,
National Research Council,
Rome, Italy
E-mail: stefano@kant.irmkant.rm.cnr.it
"Genotypes" for Neural Networks

Anthony M. Norcia
The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute,
San Francisco, California
Directional Selectivity in the Cortex

= O =

Erkki Oja
Laboratory of Computer and Information Science,
Helsinki University of Technology,
Espoo, Finland
E-mail: erkki.oja@hut.fi
Principal Component Analysis

John O'Keefe
Department of Anatomy,
University College London, London,
England
E-mail: john@anat.ucl.ac.uk
Hippocampus: Spatial Models

Bruno A. Olshausen
Department of Psychology,
Cornell Uni- versity,
Ithaca, New York
E-mail: bao1@cornell.edu
Routing Networks in Visual Cortex
Selective Visual Attention

M. B. O'Neil
Dyna-Quest Technologies, Inc.,
Sudbury, Mas- sachusetts
Dynamic Clamp: Computer-Neural Hybrids

Manfred Opper
Physikalisches Institut,
Julius Maximilians Universität,
Wurzburg, Germany
E-mail: opper@physik.uni-wuerzburg.de
Statistical Mechanics of Generalization

Andrew Ortony
Department of Psychology,
Northwestern University,
Evanston, Illinois
E-mail: ortony@aristotle.ils.nwu.edu
Emotion-Cognition Interactions

Alice J. O'Toole
School of Human Development,
The University of Texas at Dallas,
Richardson, Texas
E-mail: otoole@utdallas.edu
Face Recognition

= P =

Ian Parberry
Department of Computer Sciences,
University of North Texas,
Denton, Texas
E-mail: ian@ponder.csci.unt.edu
Structural Complexity and Discrete Neural Networks

Domenico Parisi
Institute of Psychology,
National Research Council,
Rome, Italy
"Genotypes" for Neural Networks

Helene Paugam-Moisy
Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon,
Lyon, France
E-mail: hpaugam@lip.ens-lyon.fr
Multiprocessor Simulation of Neural Networks

Judea Pearl
Computer Science,
University of California at Los Angeles,
Los Angeles, California
E-mail: judea@cs.ucla.edu
Bayesian Networks

Denis Pelisson
Vision et Motricite,
INSERM Unite 94,
Bron, France
Eye-Hand Coordination in Reaching Movements

Michael P. Perrone
Thomas J. Watson Research Center,
Yorktown Heights, New York
E-mail: mpp@watson.ibm.com
EM>Averaging/Modular Techniques for Neural Networks
Coulomb Potential Learning
Post-Hebbian Learning Rules

Barry W. Peterson
Northwestern University Medical School,
Chicago, Illinois
E-mail: b-peterson2@nwu.edu
Head Movements: Multidimensional Modeling

Carsten Peterson
Department of Theoretical Physics,
University of Lund,
Lund, Sweden
E-mail: carsten@thep.lu.se
Neural Optimization

Jan Pieter Pijn
Instituut voor Epilepsiebestrijding Meer en Bosch,
Heemstede, The Netherlands
EEG Analysis
Epilepsy: Network Models of Generation

David C. Plaut
Department of Psychology,
Carnegie Mellon University,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
E-mail: plaut@cmu.edu
Lesioned Attractor Networks as Models of Neuropsychological Deficits

Kim Plunkett
Department of Psychology,
University of Oxford,
Oxford, England
E-mail: plunkett@dragon.psych.oxford.ac.uk
Cognitive Development
Language Acquisition

Dean A. Pomerleau
School of Computer Science,
Carnegie Mellon University,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
E-mail: dean.pomerleau@ius4.ius.cs.cmu.edu
Vision for Robot Driving

Ernst Pöppel
Forschungszentrum
Jülich, KFA, Jülich, Germany
Time Perception: Problems of Representation and Processing

Alexandre Pouget
The Salk Institute,
La Jolla, California
E-mail: alex@salk.edu
Dynamic Remapping

Claude Prablanc
Vision et Motricité,
INSERM Unité 94,
Bron, France
E-mail: prablanc@frmop11.bitnet
Eye-Hand Coordination in Reaching Movements

= R =

Wilfrid Rall
Math.
Research Br,
NIDDK,
Bethesda, Maryland
E-mail: wilrall@helix.nih.gov
Dendritic Spines
Perspective on Neuron Model Complexity

Anand Rangarajan
Department of Computer Science,
Yale University,
New Haven, Connecticut
E-mail: rangarajan-anand@cs.yale.edu
Markov Random Field Models in Image Processing

Michael Recce
Department of Anatomy,
University College London,
London, England
Hippocampus: Spatial Models

Russell Reed
Department of Electrical Engineering,
University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington
Neurosmithing: Improving Neural Network Learning

A. N. Refenes
Department of Decision Science,
London Business School,
London, England
E-mail: p.refenes@lbs.lon.ac.uk
Investment Management: Tactical Asset Allocation

Luigi M. Ricciardi
Dipartimento di Matematica e Applicazioni,
Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II,'
Napoli, Italy
E-mail: ricciardi@matnal.dma.unina.it
Diffusion Models of Neuron Activity

John Rinzel
Mathematical Research Branch,
National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland
Oscillatory and Bursting Properties of Neurons

Helge Ritter
Department of Information Science,
Bielefeld University,
Bielefeld, Germany
E-mail: helge@techfak.uni-bielefeld.de
Self-Organizing Feature Maps: Kohonen Maps

Giacomo Rizzolatti
Instituto di Fisiologia Umana,
Università di Parma,
Parma, Italy
Grasping Movements: Visuomotor Transformations

R. Meldrum Robertson
Department of Biology,
Queen's University,
Kingston, Ontario, Canada
E-mail: robertrm@biology.queensu.ca
Locust Flight: Components and Mechanisms in the Motor

Luc Rodet
Department of Psychology,
University of Grenoble,
Grenoble, France
Concept Learning

Burkhard Rost
EMBL Heidelberg,
Protein Design Group,
Heidelberg, Germany
E-mail: rost@embl-heidelberg.de
Protein Structure Prediction

Constance S. Royden
Department of Computer Science,
Wellesley College,
Wellesley, Massachusetts
Motion Perception

W. Zev Rymer
Sensory Motor Performance Program,
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago,
Chicago, Illinois
E-mail: zevric@casbah.acns.nwu.edu
Muscle Models

= S =

Chris Sander
European Molecular Biology Organization,
Protein Design Group,
Heidelberg, Germany
Protein Structure Prediction

Thomas G. Sandercock
Department of Physiology,
Northwestern University Medical School,
Chicago, Illinois
Muscle Models

Kerstin Schill
Institut für Medizinische Psychologie,
München,
München, Germany
E-mail: kerstin@groucho.imp.med.uni-muenchen.de
Time Perception: Problems of Representation and Processing

Nestor A. Schmajuk
Department of Psychology: Experimental,
Duke University,
Durham, North Carolina
E-mail: nestor@acpub.duke.edu
Cognitive Maps
Conditioning

Almut Schüz
Max-Planck-Institut für Biologische Kyberne- tik,
Tübingen, Germany
E-mail: schuez@sun04.mpik-tueb.mpg.de
Neuroanatomy in a Computational Perspective

Philippe G. Schyns
Department of Psychology,
University of Montreal,
Montréal, Québec, Canada
E-mail: schyns@ai.mit.edu
Concept Learning

Idan Segev
Department of Neurobiology,
Institute of Life Sciences and Center for Neural Computation,
Hebrew University,
Jerusalem, Israel
E-mail: idan@hujivms.huji.ac.il
Dendritic Processing

Jose P. Segundo
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Brain Research Institute,
University of California,
Los Angeles, California
E-mail: iaqfjps@mvs.oac.ucla.edu
Synaptic Coding of Spike Trains

Michael Seibert
Machine Intelligence Technology Group,
MIT Lincoln Laboratory,
Lexington, Massachusetts
Visual Processing of Object Form and Environment Layout

Mark S. Seidenberg
Neuroscience Program,
University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, California
E-mail: marks@neuro.usc.edu
Linguistic Morphology

Terrence J. Sejnowski
Salk Institute,
San Diego, California
E-mail: terry@sdbio2.ucsd.edu
Dynamic Remapping
Synaptic Currents, Neuromodulation, and Kinetics Models
Thalamocortical Oscillations in Sleep and Wakefulness

Evelyne Sernagor
Smith-Kettlewell Institute,
San Francisco, California
Directional Selectivity in the Retina

Reza Shadmehr
Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Maryland
E-mail: reza@spindle.bme.jhu.edu
Equilibrium Point Hypothesis

Shihab A. Shamma
Department of Electrical Engineering and Institute for Systems Research,
University of Maryland,
College Park, Maryland
E-mail: sas@src.umd.edu
Auditory Cortex

Amanda J. C. Sharkey
Department of Computer Science,
University of Sheffield,
Sheffield, England
E-mail: a.sharkey@dcs.shef.ac.uk
Cognitive Modeling: Psychology and Connectionism

Noel E. Sharkey
Department of Computer Science,
University of Sheffield,
Sheffield, England
E-mail: n.sharkey@dcs.shef.ac.uk
Cognitive Modeling: Psychology and Connectionism

A. A. Sharp
Biology Department and Center for Complex Systems,
Brandeis University,
Waltham, Massachusetts
Dynamic Clamp: Computer-Neural Hybrids

Lokendra Shastri
International Computer Science Institute,
Berkeley, California
E-mail: shastri@icsi.berkeley.edu
Structured Connectionist Models

Jude W. Shavlik
Computer Sciences Department,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
E-mail: shavlik@cs.wisc.edu
Learning by Symbolic and Neural Methods

Gordon M. Shepherd
Department of Neuroanatomy,
Yale University, School of Medicine,
New Haven, Connecticut
E-mail: gordon_shepherd@quickmail.cis.yale.edu
Olfactory Bulb
Olfactory Cortex

Harel Z. Shouval
Brown University, Providence,
Rhode Island
E-mail: hzs@cns.brown.edu
Post-Hebbian Learning Rules

Larry E. Shupe
Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Regional Primate Research Center,
University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington
Dynamic Models of Neurophysiological Systems

John J. Shynk
University of California at Santa Barbara,
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
Santa Barbara, California
E-mail: shynk@ece.ucsb.edu
Adaptive Filtering

Karen A. Sigvardt
Department of Neurology,
University of California at Davis,
Davis, California
Spinal Cord of Lamprey: Generation of Locomotor Patterns

Wolf Singer
Max-Planck-Institut für Hirnforschung,
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
E-mail: singer@mpih-frankfurt.mpg.dbp.de
Synchronization of Neuronal Responses as a Putative Binding
Mechanism

Robert G. Smith
Department of Neuroscience,
University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
E-mail: rob@retina.anatomy.upenn.edu
Retina

Bo Söderberg
Department of Theoretical Physics,
University of Lund,
Lund, Sweden
Neural Optimization

William Softky
Mathematical Research Branch,
NIDDK/ NIH,
Bethesda, Maryland
E-mail: bill@homer.niddk.nih.gov
Single-Cell Models

Eduardo D. Sontag
Rutgers Center for Systems and Control,
Department of Mathematics, Rutgers University,
New Brunswick, New Jersey
E-mail: sontag@hilbert.rutgers.edu
Automata and Neural Networks

Gregory B. Sorkin
Thomas J. Watson Research Center,
Yorktown Heights, New York
Simulated Annealing

Jean-Paul Spire
Department of Neurology,
University of Chicago,
Chicago, Illinois
Traveling Activity Waves

William E. Staib
Neural Applications Corporation,
Coralville, Iowa
E-mail: wstaib@neural.com
Steelmaking

Paul S. G. Stein
Department of Biology,
Washington University,
St. Louis, Missouri
E-mail: stein@wustlb.wustl.edu
Scratch Reflex

Mircea Steriade
Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie,
Département de Physiologie, Faculté de Médicine
Université Laval,
Quebec, Canada
Thalamocortical Oscillations in Sleep and Wakefulness

M. Stiber
Department of Computer Science,
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,
Kowloon, Hong Kong
E-mail: stiber@cs.ust.hk
Synaptic Coding of Spike Trains

Michael C. Storrie-Lombardi
Institute of Astronomy,
Cambridge, England
E-mail: mcsl@mail.ast.cam.ac.uk
Astronomy

Nobuo Suga
Department of Biology,
Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
E-mail: suga@batlab.wustl.edu
Echolocation: Creating Computational Maps

Harold Szu
Naval Surface Warfare Center,
Silver Spring, Maryland
E-mail: hszu@ulysses.nswc.navy.mil
Automatic Target Recognition
Telecommunications
Wavelet Dynamics

= T =

Armand R. Tanguay
Jr. Optical Materials and Devices Laboratory,
University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, California
E-mail: atanguay@mizar.usc.edu
Optical Architectures for Neural Network Implementations
Optical Components for Neural Network Implementations

John G. Taylor
Centre for Neural Networks,
King's College London,
London, England
E-mail: udah057@bay.cc.kcl.ac.uk
Self-Organization in the Time Domain

Brian Telfer
Naval Surface Warfare Center,
Silver Spring, Maryland
Automatic Target Recognition
Wavelet Dynamics

Richard F. Thompson
University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, California
E-mail: thompson@neuro.usc.edu
Cerebellum and Conditioning

Simon J. Thorpe
Centre de Recherche Cerveau & Cognition,
Faculté de Medecine de Rangueil,
Université Paul Sabatier,
Toulouse, France
E-mail: thorpe@cix.cict.fr
Localized Versus Distributed Representations

Sebastian Thrun
Universität Bonn,
Institut für Informatik III,
Bonn, Germany
E-mail: thrun@carbon.cs.bonn.edu
Exploration in Active Learning

James S. Tittle
Department of Psychology,
Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio
E-mail: jtittle@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu
Perception of Three-Dimensional Structure

James T. Todd
Department of Psychology,
Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio
E-mail: jtodd@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu
Perception of Three-Dimensional Structure

Tommaso Toffoli
MIT Lab of Computer Science,
Cambridge, Massachusetts
E-mail: tt@im.lcs.mit.edu
Cellular Automata

Kari Torkkola
Motorola, Inc.,
Tempe, Arizona
E-mail: torkkk@pcrl.sps.mot.com
Speech Recognition: A Hybrid Approach

Carme Torras
Institut de Cibernètica,
Barcelona,
Spain
E-mail: torras@ic.upc.es
Robot Control

David S. Touretzky
School of Computer Science,
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania
E-mail: dst@cs.cmu.edu
Connectionist and Symbolic Representations

= U =

Lyle H. Ungar
Department of Chemical Engineering,
University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
E-mail: ungar@central.cis.upenn.edu
Forecasting
Process Control

= V =

Dominique Valentin
School of Human Development,
The University of Texas at Dallas,
Richardson, Texas
Face Recognition

David Van Essen
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology,
Washington University School of Medicine,
St. Louis, Missouri
Routing Networks in Visual Cortex

J. A. M. Van Gisbergen
Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics,
University of Nijmegen,
Nijmegen, The Netherlands
E-mail: admin@mbfys.kun.nl
Collicular Visuomotor Transformations for Saccades

A. J. Van Opstal
Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics,
University of Nijmegen,
Nijmegen, The Nether- lands
Collicular Visuomotor Transformations for Saccades

Vladimir Vapnik
AT&T Bell Laboratories,
Holmdel, New Jersey
E-mail: vlad@research.att.com
Learning and Generalization: Theoretical Bounds

Max Velmans
Department of Psychology,
Goldsmiths College, University of London,
London, England
E-mail: mlv@gold.ac.uk
Consciousness, Theories of

J.-F. Vibert
Biomathématiques, Biostatistique, Bioinformatique et Epidémiologie,
INSERM U263,
Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
E-mail: vibert@b3e.jussieu.fr
Synaptic Coding of Spike Trains

Philippe Vindras
Faculte de Psychologie et de Sciences de l'Education,
Carouge, Switzerland
Eye-Hand Coordination in Reaching Movements

Christoph von der Malsburg
Institut für Neuroinformatik,
Ruhr-Universität Bochum,
Bochum, Germany;
Departments of Computer Science and Neurobiology,
University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, California
E-mail: malsburg@usc.edu
Dynamic Link Architecture
Self-Organization and the Brain

= W =

Grace Wahba
Department of Statistics,
University of Wisconsin at Madison,
Madison, Wisconsin
E-mail: wahba@stat.wisc.edu
Generalization and Regularization in Nonlinear Learning Systems

David L. Waltz
NEC Research Institute,
Princeton, New Jersey
E-mail: waltz@research.nj.nec.com
Memory-Based Reasoning

DeLiang Wang
Department of Computer and Information Science,
Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio
E-mail: dwang@cis.ohio-state.edu
Habituation
Temporal Pattern Processing

Xiao-Jing Wang
Department of Mathematics,
University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
E-mail: xjwang@math.pitt.edu
Oscillatory and Bursting Properties of Neurons

Xin Wang
Computer Science Department,
University of California at Los Angeles,
Los Angeles, California
E-mail: xwang@cs.ucla.edu
Dynamics and Bifurcation of Neural Networks

Allen M. Waxman
Machine Intelligence Technology Group,
MIT Lincoln Laboratory,
Lexington, Massachusetts
E-mail: waxman@ll.mit.edu
Visual Processing of Object Form and Environment Layout

Yair Weiss
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, Massachusetts
E-mail: yweiss@media.mit.edu
Vision: Hyperacuity

Alfredo Weitzenfeld
Departamento Académico de Computación,
Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México,
México D.F., Mexico
E-mail: alfredo@lamport.rhon.itam.mx
alfredo@rana.usc.edu
NSL: Neural Simulation Language

Paul J. Werbos
National Science Foundation,
Arlington, Virginia
E-mail: pwerbos@nsf.gov
Backpropagation: Basics and New Developments

Joel White
Program in Neuroscience,
Tufts University School of Medicine,
Boston, Massachusetts
E-mail: jwhite@opal.tufts.edu
Olfactory Bulb

Bernard Widrow
Department of Electrical Engineering,
Stanford University,
Stanford, California
E-mail: widrow@isl.stanford.edu
Noise Canceling and Channel Equalization
Perceptrons, Adalines, and Backpropagation

Thelma L. Williams
Physiology Department,
St. George's Hospital Medical School,
London, England
E-mail: twilliams@sghms.ac.uk
Spinal Cord of Lamprey: Generation of Locomotor Patterns

Matthew A. Wilson
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences,
Cambridge, Massachusetts
E-mail: wilson@ai.mit.edu
Olfactory Cortex

A. T. Winfree
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology,
University of Arizona,
Tucson, Arizona E-mail: art@cochise.biosci.arizona.edu
Wave Propagation in Cardiac Muscle and in Nerve Networks

David A. Winter
Department of Kinesiology,
University of Waterloo,
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Human Movement: A System-Level Approach

Q. Wu
Department of Visual Science,
Institute of Ophthalmology,
London, England
E-mail: smgxqfw@ucl.ac.uk
Visual Cortex Cell Types and Connections

= Y =

Shuji Yoshizawa
Department of Mechano-Informatics,
University of Tokyo,
Tokyo, Japan
E-mail: yoshi@bios.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Nonmonotonic Neuron Associative Memory

Malcolm P. Young
Department of Physiology,
University of Oxford,
Oxford, England
E-mail: mpy@physiol.ox.ac.uk
Sparse Coding in the Primate Cortex

Alan L. Yuille
Division of Applied Sciences,
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
E-mail: yuille@hrl.harvard.edu
Constrained Optimization and the Elastic Net
Winner-Take-All Mechanisms

= Z =

A. D. Zapranis
London Business School,
Department of Decision Science,
London, England
E-mail: azaprani@neptune.lbs.lon.ac.uk
Investment Management: Tactical Asset Allocation

Klaus-Peter Zauner
Department of Computer Science,
Wayne State University,
Detroit, Michigan
Biomaterials for Intelligent Systems

Richard S. Zemel
Department of Psychology,
Carnegie Mellon University,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
E-mail: zemel@cmu.edu
Minimun Description Length Analysis

Annette Zippelius
Institut für Theoretische Physik,
Georg-August Universität Göttingen,
Göttingen, Germany
E-mail: annette@theo-phys.gwdg.de
Statistical Mechanics of Learning
Statistical Mechanics of Neural Networks

Steven W. Zucker
Center for Intelligent Machines,
McGill University,
Montréal, Québec, Canada
E-mail: zucker@cim.mcgill.edu
Perceptual Grouping