| Preface | ix |
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| Acknowledgments | xi |
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| 1 | An Introduction to Event-Related Potentials and Their Neural Origins
 Sample Chapter - Download PDF (395 KB) | 1 |
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| Goals and Perspective | 1 |
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| A Bit of History | 3 |
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| A Simple Example Experiment | 7 |
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| A Real Experiment | 13 |
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| Reliability of ERP Waveforms | 17 |
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| Advantages and Disadvantages of the ERP Technique | 21 |
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| The Neural Origins of ERPs | 27 |
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| A Summary of Major ERP Components | 34 |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | 49 |
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| 2 | The Design and Interpretation of ERP Experiments | 51 |
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| Waveform Peaks versus Latent ERP Components | 51 |
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| What Is an ERP Component? | 57 |
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| Avoiding Ambiguities in Interpreting ERP Components | 61 |
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| Avoiding Confounds and Misinterpretations | 66 |
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| Examples from the Literature | 75 |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | 95 |
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| Summary of Rules, Principles, and Strategies | 96 |
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| 3 | Basic Principles of ERP Recording | 99 |
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| The Importance of Clean Data | 99 |
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| Active and Reference Electrodes | 101 |
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| Electrical Noise in the Environment | 112 |
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| Electrodes and Impedance | 116 |
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| Amplifying, Filtering, and Digitizing the Signal | 124 |
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| 4 | Averaging, Artifact Rejection, and Artifact Correction | 131 |
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| The Averaging Process | 131 |
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| Artifact Rejection and Correction | 151 |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | 173 |
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| 5 | Filtering | 175 |
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| Why Are Filters Necessary? | 176 |
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| What Everyone Should Know about Filtering | 178 |
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| Filtering as a Frequency-Domain Procedure | 187 |
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| Filtering as a Time-Domain Procedure | 187 |
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| Relationship Between the Time and Frequency Domains | 200 |
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| Time-Domain Distortions Produced by Filters | 204 |
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| Recommendations Revisited | 223 |
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| 6 | Plotting, Measurement, and Analysis | 225 |
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| Plotting ERP Data | 225 |
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| Measuring ERP Amplitudes | 229 |
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| Measuring ERP Latencies | 237 |
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| Statistical Analyses | 250 |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | 264 |
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| 7 | ERP Localization | 267 |
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| The Big Picture | 268 |
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| The Forward Solution | 269 |
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| Equivalent Current Dipoles and the BESA Approach | 271 |
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| Distributed Source Approaches | 281 |
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| Can We Really Localize ERPs? | 289 |
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| Recommendations | 294 |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | 300 |
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| 8 | Setting Up an ERP Lab | 303 |
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| The Data Acquisition System | 303 |
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| The Data Analysis | 318 |
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| The Stimulus Presentation System | 322 |
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| Appendix: Basic Principles of Electricity | 333 |
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| Voltage, Current, and Resistance | 333 |
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| Ohm's Law | 335 |
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| Impedance | 335 |
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| Electricity and Magnetism | 336 |
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| Notes | 339 |
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| References | 343 |
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| Index
Sample Chapter - Download PDF (92 KB) | 357 |
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