| Foreword by Rodney Brooks | xiii |
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| Preface
 Sample Chapter - Download PDF (46 KB) | xvii |
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| I. | Intelligence, Artificial Intelligence, Embodiment, and What the Book Is About | 1 |
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| 1. | Intelligence, Thinking, and Artificial Intelligence | 5 |
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| 1.1 | Thinking, Cognition, and Intelligence | 7 |
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| 1.2 | The Mystery of Intelligence | 11 |
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| 1.3 | Defining Intelligence | 14 |
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| 1.4 | Artificial Intelligence | 17 |
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| 1.5 | Embodiment and Its Implications | 18 |
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| 1.6 | Summary | 22 |
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| 2. | Artificial Intelligence: The Landscape | 25 |
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| 2.1 | Successes of the Classical Approach | 27 |
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| 2.2 | Problems of the Classical Approach | 30 |
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| 2.3 | The Embodied Turn | 34 |
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| 2.4 | The Role of Neuroscience | 37 |
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| 2 | Diversification | 39 |
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| 2.6 | Biorobotics | 41 |
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| 2.7 | Developmental Robotics | 44 |
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| 2.8 | Ubiquitous Computing and Interfacing Technology | 47 |
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| 2.9 | Artificial Life and Multiagent Systems | 49 |
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| 2.10 | Evolutionary Robotics | 53 |
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| 2.11 | Summary | 54 |
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| II. | Toward a Theory of Intelligence | 57 |
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| 3. | Prerequisites for a Theory of Intelligence | 61 |
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| 3.1 | Level of Generality and Form of Theory | 62 |
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| 3.2 | Diversity-Compliance | 67 |
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| 3.3 | Frame of Reference | 72 |
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| 3.4 | The Synthetic Methodology | 77 |
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| 3.5 | Time Perspectives | 82 |
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| 3.6 | Emergence | 85 |
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| 3.7 | Summary | 88 |
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| 4. | Intelligent Systems: Properties and Principles | 89 |
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| 4.1 | Real Worlds and Virtual Worlds | 90 |
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| 4.2 | Properties of Complete Agents | 95 |
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| 4.3 | Agent Design Principle 1
The Three-Constituents Principle | 100 |
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| 4.4 | Agent Design Principle 2
The Complete-Agent Principle | 104 |
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| 4.5 | Agent Design Principle 3
Cheap Design | 107 |
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| 4.6 | Agent Design Principle 4
Redundancy | 113 |
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| 4.7 | Agent Design Principle 5
Sensory-Motor Coordination | 117 |
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| 4.8 | Agent Design Principle 6
Ecological Balance | 123 |
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| 4.9 | Agent Design Principle 7
Parallel, Loosely Coupled Process | 134 |
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| 4.10 | Agent Design Principle 8
Value | 137 |
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| 4.11 | Summary and Conclusions | 4.11 |
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| 5. | Development: From Locomotion to Cognition | 141 |
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| 5.1 | Motivation | 143 |
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| 5.2 | Toward Developmental Robot Design | 145 |
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| 5.3 | From Locomotion to Cognition: A Case Study | 149 |
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| 5.4 | From Gait Patterns to Body Image to Cognition | 153 |
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| 5.5 | The Symbol Grounding Problem | 159 |
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| 5.6 | Matching Brain and Body Dynamics | 161 |
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| 5.7 | Broadening the Scope
Other Aspects of Development | 164 |
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| 5.8 | Learning in Embodied Systems | 168 |
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| 5.9 | Social Interaction | 170 |
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| 5.10 | Development: Where Are We and Where Do We Go from here? | 173 |
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| 5.11 | Summary: Design Principles for Developmental Systems | 175 |
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| 6. | Evolution: Cognition from Scratch | 177 |
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| 6.1 | Motivation | 181 |
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| 6.2 | The Basics of Evolutionary Computation | 184 |
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| 6.3 | The Origins of Evolutionary Computation | 187 |
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| 6.4 | Artificial Evolution in the Real World
On Pipes, Antennas, and Electronic Circuits | 189 |
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| 6.5 | Evolutionary Robotics | 192 |
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| 6.6 | Evolving Morphology and Control | 194 |
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| 6.7 | Genetic Regulatory Networks and Developmental Plasticity | 196 |
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| 6.8 | Self-Organization: The Powerful Ally of Mutation and Selection | 204 |
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| 6.9 | Artificial Evolution:Where Are We and Where Do We Go from Here | 206 |
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| 6.10 | Summary: Design Principles for Evolutionary Systems | 208 |
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| 7. | Collective Intelligence: Cognition from Interaction | 213 |
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| 7.1 | Motivation | 215 |
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| 7.2 | Agent-Based Modeling | 217 |
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| 7.3 | Simulation versus Real Robots | 221 |
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| 7.4 | Groups of Robots | 222 |
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| 7.5 | A Note on Cooperation | 226 |
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| 7.6 | Modular Robots | 228 |
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| 7.7 | Scalability, Self-Assembly, Self-Repair, Homogeneity, and Heterogeneity | 232 |
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| 7.8 | Self-Reproducing Machines | 235 |
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| 7.9 | Collective Intelligence:Where Are We and Where Do We Go from Here? | 238 |
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| 7.10 | Summary: Design Principles for Collective Systems | 241 |
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| III. | Applications and Case Studies | 245 |
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| 8. | Ubiquitous Computing and Interfacing Technology | 249 |
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| 8.1 | Ubiquitous Technology as Scaffolding | 251 |
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| 8.2 | Ubiquitous Technology: Properties and Principles | 253 |
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| 8.3 | Interacting with Ubiquitous Technology | 263 |
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| 8.4 | Cyborgs | 264 |
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| 8.5 | Summary and Conclusions | 270 |
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| 9. | Building Intelligent Companies | 271 |
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| 9.1 | Management and Entrepreneurship
Decision and Action under Uncertainty | 272 |
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| 9.2 | Companies as Embodied Systems | 274 |
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| 9.3 | A Synthetic Approach to Management | 279 |
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| 9.4 | Design Principles for Building Intelligent Companies | 282 |
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| 9.5 | Corroborating the Speculations | 293 |
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| 9.6 | Summary and Conclusions | 294 |
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| 10. | Where Is Human Memory? | 295 |
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| 10.1 | Introduction | 298 |
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| 10.2 | The Storehouse Metaphor and Its Problems | 300 |
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| 10.3 | Concepts of Memory | 302 |
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| 10.4 | The Frame-of-Reference Problem in Memory Research
Ashby’s Proposal | 304 |
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| 10.5 | The Embodied View of Memory
Applying the Design Principles for Intelligent Systems | 307 |
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| 10.6 | Implications for Memory Research
Summary and Speculations | 318 |
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| 11. | Robotic Technology in Everyday Life | 323 |
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| 11.1 | Introduction: Everyday Robots | 324 |
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| 11.2 | Vacuum Cleaners: Roomba, Trilobite, and Similar Species | 327 |
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| 11.3 | Entertainment Robots | 328 |
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| 11.4 | Therapeutic, Medical, and Rescue Robots | 333 |
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| 11.5 | Humanoid Companion Robots | 335 |
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| 11.6 | Robots Capable of Social Communication | 341 |
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| 11.7 | Robots Capable of Facial and Bodily Expression | 344 |
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| 11.8 | A Theoretical Note | 346 |
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| 11.9 | Summary and Conclusions | 348 |
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| IV. | Principles and Insights | 351 |
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| 12. | How the Body Shapes the Way We Think | 353 |
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| 12.1 | Steps Toward a Theory of Intelligence | 354 |
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| 12.2 | Selected Highlights | 358 |
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| 12.3 | Seeing Things Differently | 367 |
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| 12.4 | Epilogue | 370 |
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| Notes | 373 |
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| References | 375 |
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| Index
Sample Chapter - Download PDF (45 KB) | 389 |
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